“Forests, trees, mountains and seas,
Someone is cutting all these.
Piece by piece, they are dividing
The warmth hidden beneath the lakes.
The seasons descending from the sky
Have started becoming barren.
The seasons have started becoming barren.”
These lines by Gulzar describe the human role in the exploitation of nature, the result of
which is now appearing before us in the form of climate change. As a consequence of
climate change, on one hand the ice sheets at both poles of the Earth are melting, while on
the other hand the Earth’s third pole, the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, is
also shrinking. Certainly, the impact of this reduction of the third pole is being felt in India
as well.
To face the multidimensional and widespread effects of climate change, climate-resilient
technologies have become an important basis. These technologies include scientific
discoveries as well as alternative technologies derived from traditional and indigenous
knowledge. Climate change is a long-term process that refers to various changes in
climatic conditions and is identified through statistical examination. In this process of
climate change, human activities after industrialization have played a major role. In India
and across the world, climate change has increased the risks of droughts, floods, energy
and food insecurity, migration, infectious diseases, political instability, and violent
conflicts.
The serious threats faced by humanity have compelled people to accept the concept of a
sustainable, inclusive, and stable present in order to build a livable future. This process has
encouraged the development of climate-resilient technologies. Resilience is the capacity
through which social, economic, and environmental systems are prepared to face
dangerous events, trends, or disturbances while preserving their identity, functioning, and
structure and maintaining their ability to adapt.
In the Indian context, before considering climate-resilient alternative technologies, it is
necessary to understand the threats associated with climate change. According to various
reports of the IPCC, climate change will increase riverine, coastal, and urban flooding,
causing large-scale changes in infrastructure, livelihoods, and settlements. Besides this,
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